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A brief History of Four Ideas in Signal Estimation, Localization and Transmission

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A reception will be provided following the seminar. Prof. Paulraj is also a visiting professor of the EEE dept at Imperial College.

This talk outlines the story of my journey in signal estimation, localization and transmission. I begin with a discussion of my doctoral work in estimation of Markov signals using diffusion theory. Though, this work solved a large class of estimation problems, it did not succeed in making the impact, at least initially. Next, I describe the origins of the ESPRIT algorithm. This was originally developed for Directions-of-Arrival estimation problems, but is now used more in system identification. My third topic is the invention of the MIMO principle at Stanford in 1992 and the early difficulties in getting the idea accepted. Finally, I tell the story of MIMO -OFDMA for cellular applications developed at Iospan Wireless Inc. and I describe the difficulties we had in getting the concept accepted for cellular broadband applications. The talk ends with some thoughts on invention and innovation in engineering.

Bio: Dr. Paulraj is an Emeritus Professor at Stanford University and a Senior Advisor to Broadcom Corporation. He graduated with a B.Eng. from the Naval Engineering College, Lonavala, India, in 1966 and with a Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India, in 1973.

After a 20 year R&D career with the Indian Navy, Paulraj joined Stanford University in 1992. Soon thereafter, he invented a concept known as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output). MIMO boosts data rate by creating multiple parallel spatial data streams (Spatial Multiplexing). MIMO technology is the key to today’s wireless broadband networks like 4G cellular and WiFi.

Among other important research contributions, Paulraj developed the ESPRIT algorithm for high resolution spectral analysis and directions-of-arrival estimation. ESPRIT pioneered a rotational invariance method which became an important method in spectral analysis. Paulraj has over 450 research publications, two text books and 53 US patents. He is an ISI Thomson highly cited researcher. At Stanford, he has graduated over 50 doctoral and post-doctoral students.

In 1999, Paulraj founded Iospan Wireless Inc. and the company was acquired by Intel Corp in 2003. Iospan was the first company to develop MIMO -OFDMA technology, which is now adopted by all 4G wireless systems. In 2003, Paulraj co-founded Beceem Communications Inc. which became the leader in 4G WIMAX chip sets with 70% world market share. Beceem was acquired by Broadcom Corp. in 2010. He is recognized as the Father of 4G WiMAX technology for his work in MIMO -OFDMA at Iospan Wireless.

In India, prior to 1992, he led the development of the world-class APSOH sonar, one of India’s most successful military development projects. He also founded three laboratories in areas spanning High Speed Computing, AI and Robotics and Communications / Sensing. These labs have grown into large national R&D centers in India.

Paulraj has received several recognitions in the US including the 2011 IEEE Alexander Graham Bell medal, the highest IEEE award in telecommunications, and the 2003 IEEE Technical Achievement Award (Signal Proc. Society) and several IEEE best paper awards. He is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering, the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World, the Indian National Academy of Engineering and the National Academy of Sciences (India). He is a fellow of IEEE and AAAS . In India he has received several awards including three at the presidential level – Padma Bhushan (third highest national civilian award), AVSM and VSM (military national awards), the Pan-IIT Technology Leadership Award, VASWIK Medal and others.

Paulraj is an Honorary Professor with Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, PR China, and Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India. He also serves on several boards and councils of foundations, corporations and governments.

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